Charles Darwin visited Australia in the month of January 1836 and in The Voyage of the Beagle and fascination with New South Wales, including his speculations about great valleys formation and geological origin. Travelling from New South Wales to Victoria would have been quite similar to travelling from New South Wales to New Zealand today. Executive authority is vested in Governor of NSW, who represents and is appointed by Queen Elizabeth II, Her Excellency Professor Ms. Marie Bashir. The State Parliament is composed of two houses and Sovereign: Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly. NSW is regulated by New South Wales Police Force, statutory authority.

Founded in the year 1962, the New South Wales Police Force investigates Indictable and Summary offences throughout NSW State and has two fire services, which include Fire and Rescue NSW, government agency responsible to protect urban regions and New South Wales Rural Fire Service, responsible for majority of state. You will also find ambulance services offered through Ambulance Service of NSW. Rescue services include Ambulance Rescue, Fire Rescue Units and Police Rescue Squad. Volunteer rescue organizations include Australian Volunteer Coast Guard, Volunteer Rescue Association, State Emergency Service and Surf Life Saving NSW.

The main roads in New South Wales include Hume Highway, Princes Highway, Pacific Highway, New England Highway, Federal Highway, Sturt Highway, Newell Highway and Great Western Highway. Kingsford Smith Airport situated in southern Sydney is one of the most significant airports not just for county, but the entire nation and airlines include Aeropelican Air Services, Brindabella Airlines, Jetstar Airways, Regional Express and Virgin Australia. 11 universities mainly function in NSW and Sydney is a home to first university of Australia, University of Sydney established in the year 1850, along with Macquarie University, University of New South Wales, University of Western Sydney and University of Technology, Sydney.

New South Wales is surrounded on west by South Australia, on north by Queensland, on south by Victoria and on east by Tasman Sea. The Illawarra area is centred on Wollongong’s city with Eurobodalla, Sapphire Coast and Shoalhaven to south. The Central Coast lies between Newcastle and Sydney with Northern Rivers and Mid North Coast regions reaching northwards to Queensland border. Tourism is also important to coastal towns’ economies, including Lismore, Coffs Harbour, Port Macquarie and Nowra, but the area also produces beef, seafood, fruit, dairy, timber and sugar cane.

The biggest sporting competition in New South Wales is National Rugby League that expanded from Australian Rugby Leagues and NSW Rugby League whose headquarters are located in Sydney. It represented by the ‘Blues’ in conventional Rugby League State of Origin series. Sydney is a spiritual home of Australian rugby league and to nine of 16 NRL teams such as South Sydney Rabbitohs, Sydney Roosters, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Parramatta Eels, Penrith Panthers, Wests Tigers, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and Canterbury Bulldogs. The 10th team, Newcastle Knights is situated in Newcastle.

Things to do in New South Wales: Coffin Bay Explorer, Freshwater Point Resort, Mantra Erskine Beach Resort, Rainforest Inn, Paluma, Snowy Wilderness, Tropical Fruit World, 121BC Cantina and Enoteca, 25th Floor Restaurant and Cocktail Bar, 360 Bar and Dining, 4 Pines Brewing Company, 42 The Terrace Holiday Accommodation, 4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, 7 Oaks Sapphire Fossicking, 7 The Esplanade Holiday Accommodation, A Secret Garden, A Slice of Orange, A World Apart – Discover the Hidden Tastes of Mt Barney, ABC Cheese Factory, Abercrombie Caves, Abercrombie House, Aboriginal Bora Ring, Abrahams Bosom Reserve, Absaloms Gallery, Absinthesalon, Absolutely Delicious, Academy Gallery, Adaminaby Memorial Hall Stage Curtain, Adams Shed, Adrian Gilbert Art, Afghan Mosque, Aitkens Australia in the Round, Aladdins Cave Bottlehouse, Alan Ussher Glassblowing Studio, Albury Art Gallery, Albury Botanic Gardens, All Aboard Braemar Model Railways, Amaki Cottage Cafe and Amber Healing Farm.

As in the rest of Australia, Smoking is forbidden indoors in all public bars, buildings, transport and restaurants, even in private cars with children.

Geelong has an incomparable location at the coast at Corio Bay. This makes for a number of superb water sports. There are a great number of beautiful locations such as the beaches and the foreshore pool. Make sure you try your hand at fishing, boating and swimming.

There are a number of highlights located within the Geelong city limits as well. Make sure you visit the Maritime Museum, the Old Geelong Jail, The National Wool Museum and the Ford Discovery Center.

A number of historical structures are located within the city. These are of particular interest to architecture and history buffs. There are a number of points of interest that can be seen during self guided or guided tours.

There are a number of excellent restaurants, shopping opportunities, waterfalls and more. There are Waterfalls, Waterfront walks, the Botanical gardens, Cunningham Pier, a carousel from 1887, and a lot more.

Geelong is known for hosting a huge assortment of festivals all year through. These include a number of music festivals, Air Shows, Cycling events, the Geelong Cup, a Celtic Festival and others.

Geelong is the entry point to the Great Ocean Road and the Bellarine Peninsula. There are some iconic attractions to be seen here, including the Twelve Apostles rock formation, Bell’s Beach and Whale Watching.

The Greater Geelong area has a number of spots that can be visited conveniently within a day. These include the Anakie Gorge, Brisbane Ranges, Werribee Zoo, You Yang’s granite peaks and its amazing geological formations.

Wagga Wagga is an excellent destination to use as a base while you explore the areas in and around Riverina. Mt Kosciuszko is located within the Snowy Mountain ranges in the east and the Griffith Wine regions in the west.

The name Wagga Wagga has an interesting origin. The region was originally inhabited by the Wiradjuri tribe, which was actually the largest tribe in entire New South Wales. The word Wagga is from the language of the Wiradjuris, which meant “crow”. Saying a word twice means it’s plural. So while “wagga” meant “crow”, “wagga wagga” meant “crows”. The place had a lot of crows, which is why the name.

Even though Wagga Wagga is located near enough to cities such as Adelaide, Melbourne, Canberra and Sydney to have quite a bit of urban influences, at heart, the city of Wagga Wagga has retained the country atmosphere. This is certainly the city’s selling point. There are a huge number of reasons why the city is seen as a superb location for travelers.

Wagga Wagga has a good number of attractions related to culture. The city hosts a jazz festival in September that has attendees from all over Australia. Many big name jazz artists perform at the festival.

The Civic Centre of the city has an art gallery, as well as a number of shops with craft and art displays. There is a historical museum at the same location. There is also the Riverina Playhouse, Centenary of Federation Amphitheater as well as a historical museum.

Willans Hill is home to the botanical gardens, which house a wide variety of plants, including azaleas, camellias, roses and a huge number of others. There is an animal park here, as well as a bird aviary. A few farms at Wagga Wagga have sheep shearing demonstrations on offer.

Wagga Wagga has a regional campus of the Charles Sturt University in Australia, and there are a good number of students here.

This city is the origin for modern business of steel production and coal mining. The Blue Scope steel facility is remarkably the steel manufacturing industry that is located at Port Kembla .A committed port is used for the transportation of materials whereas fishing boats and private crafts utilize a different facility closer to the centre of the city in Belmore Basin. Newly formed industries such as information technology, financial services, education and tourism are becoming trademarks of the city. The Wollongong people have their pride in the field of heavy industry and employment in the location.

Society

The University of Wollongong is famous with the international, local and other Australian students. Because of the post war migration it even invites migrants from places like Mediterranean (Serbian, Macedonian, Croatian, Bosnian,Greek, Italian, Turkish, Spanish and Portuguese),Asia and India who have left an impact on the city and even on the food and entertainment options.

There are many attractive and stunning locations within easy access. The nearby area possesses some good, beaches that are not often crowded and is known for surfing.

Surfing and Swimming

Wollongong has 17 beaches for surfing to choose from during the summer months .Each beach is scarcely populated and has more space than any Sydney beaches. All have free  parking, and most are accessible by bicycle and the public transport.

While traveling to the north of the city try visiting the following beaches

•    North Beach

It is known as one of the most famous beaches, near Novotel and Stuart Park .There is a cabin exactly on the beach, but other restaurants and take-away options close by. You can discover a shady spot under the trees in the park, just a few steps from the sand.

•    South Beach

The South Beach though is not as famous as the North Beach because of the sand dunes and steelworks than the attractions of the North park like headlands and parks.

Port Stephens has an abundance of natural beauty. There are umpteen reasons to tour the region throughout the year. Port Stephens cannot be regarded as a town, in the traditional sense of the term. It is a unique region subdivided into areas such as the Tomaree Peninsula, Tilligerry Peninsula, and Golden Bight. These regions surround the bay.

Pleasure is the buzz word at Port Stephens. The coastal paradise is idyllic in nature. The scenery is breathtaking, with volcanic peaks lying in the background. The bays of the region have crystal-clear waters. The sand, too, has a golden hue to it. Port Stephens offers umpteen activities for travelers belonging to all age groups.

Tourists can go whale watching. They may cruise on the bay, watching bottlenose dolphins. The Dolphin Watch lasts for two hours. Inner Lighthouse is famous for its morning tea. While you indulge in it, you can soak in the rich history and culture of the region. If you are bold, go swimming at the local, nude beach. You may have umpteen reasons to tour Port Stephens.

While at Port Stephens, you may indulge in a wide variety of activities, including golf, tennis, fishing, scuba diving, surfing, sailing, and skiing.

The sand dunes at Stockton Beach make it ideal for tobogganing. You may also ride a dune bike. Go hiking along the headlands of Tomaree and Yacaaba. Go on a luxury cruise to watch dolphins, whales, and different species of birds. Tour the art galleries and museums. There is a craft market at Port Stephens every week. Deep-sea fishing is a popular activity. Alternatively, go scuba diving and snorkeling or hire a jet ski. Tilligerry Wildlife Habitat, Shell Museum, and Wetlands Centre draw thousands of visitors each year.

The climate at Port Stephens is warm throughout the year. There no winter frosts. The fresh sea breezes keep the weather mild even in summer. Many tourists come from the city of Sydney during the summer. Port Stephens comes to life in spring, with the blooming of the wildflowers.

Perth city is placed in the flat Swan Coastal Plain, which is a sandy area in the vicinity of the Swan River. The city of Perth encompasses a total area of close to six thousand square kilo meters and has suburban areas and beaches all around its borders. The climate here is exceedingly clement, Mediterranean climate at its best, with pleasant summers and mild winters. June is the coldest month, while it gets rather hot in the month of February.

Perth climate over and done with, let us look at yet another excellent reason, the economy. The city has made itself suit the new generation, and there is less focus on providing just full employment, rather the emphasis is on services. The city is the political seat for the government of the state of W A. The city is also a commercial hub. The roots of the city economy actually lies in manufacturing, and there are a good number of factories that produce goods and expert them to various parts in the state and country, There are  a whole lot of factories in the suburban regions. Mining is also a key industry. Other fields in which residents are employed are public administration, education, health, business, services, retail ,wholesale, trading, shipping, agriculture and others. You certainly will make a good living in Perth.

The property prices here are surprisingly low if you compare them with those of other major world cities. The housing boom that occurred here some years before, when the incomes of the buyers were outpaced by the prices. There have been high cost of living induces though, and these have remained high. Living in Perth is among the best decisions to take money wise.

Getting around the city is far from a trouble, as the transport systems here are extremely on the developed side, and there is no dearth to quality transportation systems that are public in nature. AS the city is in a state of relative isolation from the rest of the country, so to say, the transportation systems have been given plenty of impetus 6o grow,. And grow it has. The airports here are also excellent. The Perth airport and the Jandakot airport are extremely crucial transport hubs.

Well known as the birthplace of the poets Kenneth Slessor and Banjo Paterson, Orange is a focus point for culture as well. There is a good amount of cultural attractions in the way of museums, galleries and ateliers. There have been some excellent attractions in the recent times.

Orange is placed at the bottom of a now inactive volcano, and can be accessed in about 4 hrs if you are driving. There is a wealth of restaurants here, famed for the authentic Australian fare that is served here. There are some excellent wineries here and most of the labels produced here are appreciated all over the country. These are known for being among the best. Visiting these vineyards are an exciting experience, and you get to learn much about the wine making process as well as about the tasting and other subtle nuances.

There are numerous festivals and events that are organized to celebrate good food and wine, and there is amole opportunity at these functions to sample the wine and food of Orange. Some delectable fare is on offer at the various events, and there is no dearth to tasteful wines. The Orange Food Festival, which is in April is a major celebration of gastronomy, as is the Orange wine fest.

There are some heavenly locales in Orange. The Orange Botanical Gardens is a lovely spot to wander about, and there is some rare flora here as well, plus some lovely flowers.  Orange has some historical spots in the city, there are some ancient buildings as well, which are heritage structures. The City heritage trails are an excellent way to appreciate the heritage as well as the history of the Orange City.

Mt Canobolas is the extinct volcano at which foot Orange city lies, and the views to be had from here have to be seen to be believed. Orange also has one of the first gold mines in Australia just beyond it. The Berenore Karst Conservation Reserve is another beautiful spot with some rewarding sights.

Sydney, Australia’s pride, the city of the opera house, a hub for entertainment, culture and quite some things, although not as culturally vibrant as my personal favorite, Melbourne is, Sydney is after all home to the opera house, what more can be said? There is no dearth to sights and sounds in Sydney, and more so for fugal travelers, as the majority of the sights that can be counted as interesting in the ciuty are free or dirt cheap. When you are on a shoe string budget and traveling, Sydney can give you so much for free or close.

The choices for budget travelers are as rewarding as any other Sydney attraction, and there is no dearth to attractions in Sydney that are cheap. You will not lack for choice in any case.

The Royal Botanical Gardens The ferry system as well the Art Gallery Of New South Wales are rewarding destinations in Sydney that are among the most affordable sights or are completely free or cost. There are quite a lot of things you can do free in Sydney for free and have fun, something in t5he nature of getting the cake and having it as well.

Taking a ferry ride

Sydney, when viewed from its water bodies, is something that has to be seen to be believed. Taking the boat is not really the cheapest of options if you are a frugal traveler. The ferry rides are the cheapest and most value options that you can have to get around in the city. It is also so much fun!

Take a day pass, and you can go to Manly beach, the Australian Maritime Museum ( no entry is charged here ) and taronga Zoo ( entry charge ) at the Darling harbor.

While traveling by ferry, you will come across some excellent photo opportunities of the city scape, icons like the Opera house and other.

These Ferries have been in operation for more than one hundred and thirty years.

Sydney is a city unlike no other, smart use of the ferry systems of Sydney to get around is not only cheaper, but you get spectacular views of the city.

An international center for culture, Melbourne has culture endeavors that span chief functions and fests, musicals, theater, comedy, art, literature, film and t v. U N E S C O named Melbourne as a “City of Literature”. It was also placed in the top in a survey of “Most Liveable Cities of the World” by the prestigious ‘The Economist’ magazine in which the cultural traits played a large hand in winning the accolade.

A plethora of diverse events are organized for the celebration of culture. The numerous events held here span through out the year. The major festivals that are held here are inclusive of the Melbourne Fringe Festival, Melbourne International Film Festival, Melbourne International Arts Festival and Melbourne International Comedy Festival.

Melbourne has a notable opera scene, and this city has some of the most heavenly Melbourne has the Australian Ballet, as also the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.

The Melbourne Theater Company ( M T C ) is among Melbourne’s favorites, and the shows put on has increased in fan following, and the theater has attracted increasing subscribing members over the years. The Malthouse, is a whole new facet, and a credit as well. The Carlton located La Mama Theater has created some off beat theater for  more than four decades. Her Majesty’s Theater, Regent Theater and the Princess Theater.

Museums abound in Melbourne, and the innovative architecture as well as the exhibits. The Royal Exhibition Building has an Italian façade. I M A X theater is another worthwhile visits for the films. State Library of Victoria is noted. The planetarium as well as the Science Workd Museum, which is housed in an old filling station is another worthwhile visit.

Melbourne is the very city to head to if you are a culture vulture, and there is no dearth to entertainment, theater, museums, architecture, art in this city.

The coffee craze that the Melbournians have has been vibrant since the sixties, and the sheer number of coffee joints that can be seen at almost every street corner is evidence for this. The city prides it self on being the coffee headquarters of Australia, and rightly so. There has also been evidence unearthed that suggested that the numerous Indian immigrants here in the fifties and sixties have had a hand in developing and enriching Melbourne’s coffees.

The “coffee crawls” are noted, the Historical Coffee Crawl Tour is principal among these, and the crowds tour the coffee destinations all over Melbourne, and this is no mean feat, considering the sheer numbers; the myriad establishments range from the elegant Collin Street ones to old school Carlton coffee hubs to the bohemian locations in addition to the run of the mill joints and local favorites which seem infinite in number.

The first cultivation of coffee in the country dates back to the period spanning 1880 to 1926, a nd included mainly the Arabica species which was the only variety that suited the climate, which is not suitable for other varieties. The production of coffee in Australia hardly meets the demand, which is ever growing, and Australia has to import coffee in extensive quantities from Papua New Guinea, Brazil and India. India exports the famed Malabar variety to Australia, and this is one of the best loved.

Collins street is where the chic coffee shops are, and coffee is served in some remarkably creative concoctions here, affogoto, which is vanilla ice cream plus espresso, is an example. The perfect quantities of both ice cream and coffee is much debated upon, but experts generally agree that espresso should not melt the ice cream too much, and also that the taste of coffee should not get inundated with ice cream.  Antica is a great place here.

Quists, the traditional roasting center, and the most ancient in Melbourne, is in operation since 1938, and serves more than 16 connoisseur’s delights. “ A city function on its coffee” as is said by Quists legends.

The renowned Pelligrini was another institution for Melbournians, and was the original Café Bar when it got launched in 1954; the Gaggia Espresso Machine was a first at that time.

Brunetti is another coffee stop and is famous for both coffees as well as cakes, and this is located at Faraday Street.